True leukonychia occurs when the actual nail plate is white due to alterations of the nail plate keratinocytes. Apparent leukonychia is due to alterations in the nail bed, matrix or hyponychium that give the nail the white appearance.
Punctate leukonychia is common and results from minor nail trauma to the nail in the vicinity of the nail matrix, resulting in nucleated keratinocytes in the nail, which appear as small white areas (Figure 60). An extension of punctate leukonychia is transverse leukonychia, also due to trauma to the matrix, often during manicuring. These narrow white lines are often parallel with the proximal nail fold and grow out with the nail. True leukonychia can be seen in some types of onychomycosis and psoriasis.
Apparent leukonychia describes a nail that looks white but is, in fact, normal in color. Onycholysis is an example of apparent leukonychia because the white appearance is due to air beneath the nail. When the nail is removed in apparent leukonychia, the nail plate is of normal color (Figure 61). Three examples of pseudoleukonychia are Terry’s nail, Muehrche’s lines, and half-and-half nails. These conditions are due to nail bed whitening.
Terry’s nails (Figure 62) appear milky white and opaque from the lunula to the onychodermal band. Terry’s nails are seen in patients with hepatic dysfunction and cirrhosis. There have been reports of Terry’s nails in patients with chronic congestive heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and aging. The Terry’s nails of congestive heart failure may also be pink, a different presentation from the white nails of liver disease.
Muehrche’s lines (Figure 63) are white horizontal bands that are parallel to the lunula and separated by pink bands. This condition occurs when the serum albumin is low, and disappears when the albumin levels return to normal. Muehrche’s lines occur in patients with renal failure and/or hemodialysis.
The half-and-half nail has a proximal, opaque, white portion that obscures the lunula and a distal red/brown color (Figure 64). It also occurs in patients in renal failure and on hemodialysis.
Other causes of true leukonychia are onychomycosis and psoriasis.
I was diagnosed of Herpes 2years ago and I have tried all possible means to get the cure but all to no avail, until i saw a post in a health forum about a Herbal Doctor(Dr imoloa who prepares herbal medicine to cure all kind of diseases including Herpes, at first i doubted, if it was real but decided to give him a trial, when i contacted Dr imoloa through his Email: drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com he guided me and prepared a herbal medicine and sent it to me via courier Delivery service,when i received the package (herbal medicine) He gave me instructions on how to consume it, i started using it as instructed and i stop getting outbreaks and the sores started vanishing, could you believe i was cured of this deadly virus within two to three weeks and notices changes in my body. Days of using this REMEDY,couldn't believe the healing at first until i see it as my HERPES get cleared like magic Dr imoloa also use his herbal medicine to cure diseases like, HIV/aids, lupus disease, dry cough, fever, malaria, bronchitis disease, cystic fibrosis, Lyme disease, acute myeloid leukaemia, alzheimer's disease, blood poisoning, measles, kidney cancer, kidney infections, diarrhoea, epilepsy, joint pain, mouth ulcer,bowel cancer, discoid eczema, eye cancer, food poisoning, fibroid, hairy cell leukaemia, mouth cancer, skin disease, lung cancer, rheumatoid lung disease, liver disease, nail disease, penile cancer, parkinson disease, arthritis, breast cancer, bone cancer hepatitis A.B.C, Diabetes, fatigue, muscle aches, anal cancer, asthma, Contact this great herbal Doctor today the father of herbalism. via Email: drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com or whatssapp him +2347081986098. and get cured permanently He is real..
ReplyDeleteI'm here to give my testimony how I was cured from HIV, I contacted my HIV via blade. A friend of my use blade to peel of her finger nails and drop it where she use it, so after she has left i did know what came unto me i looked at my nails, my nails were very long and I took the blade which she just used on her own nails to cut of my finger nails, as i was maintaining my names, i mistakenly injured myself. I did even bother about it, so when I got to the hospital the next week when i was ill the doctor told me that I am HIV positive, i wondered where did i got it from so i remembered how I use my friend blade to cut off my hand so i feel so sad in my heart to the extent that i don’t even know what to do, so one day i was passing through the internet i met a testimony of a lady that all talk about how she was cured by a doctor called DR Imoloa so i quickly emailed the doctor and he also replied to me and told me the requirements which i will provide and I do according to his command, he prepare a herbal medicine for me which I took. He message me the following week that i should go for a test which i did to my own surprise i found that i was HIV negative. He also have cured for all kinds of incurable diseases like: Huntington's disease, back acne, chronic kidney failure, Addison's disease, Chronic Disease, Crohn's Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Fibromyalgia, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Fungal Nail Disease, Paralysis, Celia Disease , Lymphoma, Major Depression, Malignant Melanoma, Mania, Melorheostosis, Meniere's Disease, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Muscle Dystrophy, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Alzheimer Disease and so many. Thanks to him once more the great doctor that cured me dr. Imoloa so you can also email him via drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com or whatsapp him on +2347081986098. / website- drimolaherbalmademedicine.wordpress.com. God Bless you Sir.
ReplyDelete